Thursday, December 26, 2019

Non Verbal Communication At A Lancaster County Grocery Store

As people interact with each other they communicate with their actions using nonverbal communication, the communication that is voiced with out linguistic ways (Adler, Proctor 188). Throughout life individuals discover how to communicate non verbally among each other and daily life is the classroom. Non verbal communication is key to interacting with others as well as a crucial role in social life and one’s own sanity. Observations were made to assist perception in the comprehension of this non verbal communication assignment supporting to absorb more knowledge concerning this topic. Observations completed on this subject were held at a Lancaster County grocery store in addition to a manufactured home retail business. In the first situation observed, a married couple, were being presented with sample homes from a manufacture home sales person. Both the salesperson as well as the wife and husband were dressed in a very professional manner, as to show their importance of the ma tter they were attending to. The couple’s body s orientation, the way they were facing the salesperson as in their feet, body and face, showed that they were serious about the possibility of purchasing a home from this industry (198). As the couple approached the first sample home the wife’s facial expression displayed excitement while the husband showed apprehension. However, the second home showed promise in both the husband and wife’s eyes, but the salesperson started to show a lack of interestShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pages are expected to increase faster than the African-American labor force. This increase means that non-whites will compose about 28% of the U.S. labor force by 2006. Also, with 36% of all children under age 18 being non-white, the demographic shifts to greater racial/ethnic diversity are likely to continue. In addition, immigration of individuals into the United States is heavily weighted toward non-whites. The importance of all these shifts is that HR professionals must ensure that diverse groupsRead MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pagesreflected in their AIS. An organization’s AIS must reflect its business processes and its line of business. For example:  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · 1.5 Manufacturing companies will need a set of procedures and documents for the production cycle; non-manufacturing companies do not. Government agencies need procedures to track separately all inflows and outflows from various funds, to ensure that legal requirements about the use of specific funds are followed. Financial institutions do not needRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesand most rigid. Networking and diffusion work better than bureaucracy does. An emphasis on creativity is essential. The people closest to what is happening are those who can lead and improve it the most effectively for a sustained economy. As communication has become increasingly less expensive, it has become more and more productive to provide access for all employees to the information that can help them make their own decisions as well as the authority to make those decisions. RECOGNIZING THE

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Leadership As A Leader And A Manager - 850 Words

The leader innovates where a manager directs; a manager sustains what has already been created. Leadership is not what you do-it’s what others do in response to you, retaining control over people by aiding in the development their own abilities and bringing out their talents (Jaynes, 2015). Mangers have underlings while Leaders have followers; leaders do not have underlings. To lead is to have follower, following is a chosen pursuit. There can and are superior and terrible leaders, and there can and are be superior and terrible managers. Comparing how the two different positions may be related. A definition is needed to assist leaders and manager to comprehend how to accomplish excellence in doing what they have to do. Due to the fact that many people are both a leader and a manager it is often times quite difficult to distinguish between the two. Managers are controllers of systems, resources; all the while leading teams to achieve goals. Referring to each ability’s to motivate, influence and contribute to success is the role of a leader. Leaders are people who do the right thing; managers are people who do things right. – Professor Warren G. Bennis (Jaynes, 2015) One Skill, Two Skill; One Over the Other Modeling the way In modeling the way, I try to be the best example that I can be, whether it’s my personal life or professional life. When leading my crew, I try my best to be a part of the training not only because I feel to better understand what my crew does, IShow MoreRelatedLeadership Of A Leader And A Manager1302 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Understanding leadership in early childhood has been plagued by its confusion with the concept of management† (Rodd, 2013, p. 19). The quotation highlights the overlapping of different roles of leadership and management. It is true in respect that people misunderstand the true nature, roles and responsibilities of both the roles because the educational leaders play the role of manager in early childhood setting and the managers perform the duties of educational leader. The following essay will discussRead MoreLeadership As A Leader Or Manager1779 Words   |  8 Pagesteach leadership so that students can start their journey towards becoming ef fective and authentic leaders. Leadership development refers to any activity that enhances the quality of leadership within an individual or organization. Activities have ranged From MBA style programs offered at university business schools to action learning, high-ropes courses and executive retreats. There is no business, school, or organization that can run smoothly without leadership. Being a great leader or manager areRead MoreLeadership As A Leader And A Manager Essay2286 Words   |  10 PagesWithin a group, the member who fulfills the role of the leader will invariably have both a direct and indirect effect on the group as a whole (Beattie, Girvan, Rayner, Rayner Bell, 2014). In the words of John C. Maxwell: â€Å"A leader is one who knows the way, goes the way, and shows the way.† Throughout history, there have been a countless number of people that are identified as leaders. An effective leader will possess the desired characteristics and will be able to assess a variety of tasks. AccordingRead MoreLeadership As A Leader And Manager Essay2190 Words   |  9 Pagessimplest meaning of leadership is when someone got the role of leader to lead other ones. However, the real meaning of leadership is much broader than that. Grimm (2010) indicates there are a lot of meanings for the role of a leader, some of the meanings were illustrated by him such as a person in a leadership role has to be honest and responsible. Furthermore, Hodgson (1987) and Reynolds and Warfield (2010) gave some more examples of the characteristics of a leader. Leaders are focusing on theirRead MoreTransformational Leadership : A Leader And A Manager Essay3124 Words   |  13 Pages As a leader and a manager, I continued to read a lot of articles on transformational leadership. I subjected myself to taking a lot of questionnaires on leadership prepared by popular leaders such as Blanchard, Gladwell, Maxwell, Burns, Riggio and Bass. Before the SLP, I answered this very simple items on transformational leadership indicated below. I loved to share this to anyone because the questions are essentials on transformational leadership qualities. Here are some items from our new measureRead MoreUnderstanding Leaders And Managers : Leadership And Management1615 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding Leaders and Managers In today’s business world employees, industries, and consumers look toward company leaders like Steve Jobs (Former Apple CEO), Anne Mulcahy (Former Xerox CEO), Jeff Bezos (Amazon CEO), Elon Musk (Former PayPal CEO), and Eric Schmidt (Goggle CEO) to understand the dynamic roles of leadership and management. These two allusive terms have inspired a great deal of conversation, articles, and books full of material about their true meanings. These two words have alsoRead MoreLeadership Development Training : A Leader And A Manager1261 Words   |  6 Pages The words â€Å"leader† and â€Å"manager† have been used synonymously for decades, but the true meaning of these two words differs tremendously. The skills and traits necessary to be a great leader are not found in all managers and vice versa. Despite the difference in their meanings, the ideal leader for today’s most successful organizations need to be both a leader and a manager. To achieve this goal, corporations around the world spend billions of dollars every year on leadership development trainingRead MoreLeadership Communication Training For Under Armour Leaders And Managers1179 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership Communication Training for Under Armour Leaders and Managers Introduction This brief training will be addressing Under Armour, the company I am currently employed for. Under Armour is an upcoming athletic wear company that is rising to the top and quickly becoming a competitive brand in the athletic industry. Working with this company for over a year, I feel my store, as well as the other stores in Arizona, could greatly utilize training on leadership communication. I chose a PowerPointRead MoreExecute an Analysis of Managers or Leaders in Your Organisation on the Basis of the Leadership Grid as Was Propounded by Jane Morton and Robert Black. the Characteristics-Traits Used to Classify the Managers – Leaders Should Be Established.3109 Words   |  13 PagesSTUDIES MASTERS IN BUSINESS LEADERSHIP (MBL) NAME OF STUDENT: CATHERINE DOMBO REGISTRATION NUMBER: B1230847 COURSE: STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP AND ORGANISATIONAL DYNAMICS COURSE CODE: MBL 512 COURSE COORDINATOR: MR MASHAVIRE ASSIGNMENT: 1 DUE DATE 5/09/12 Execute an analysis of managers or leaders in your organisation on the basis of the leadership grid as was propoundedRead MoreLeadership1206 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is leadership? Leadership is having the ability to give guidance to those that will follow. Those that follow will help to complete the mission. Leadership is an immature science and the body of knowledge in the field has developed through a series of fits and starts. Leadership is a soft science, just as anthropology, sociology and psychology. It can not be proven exactly what it is. Leadership is an art, the skillful application of leadership behaviors beyond techniques is much the same as

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Case Study Session Professional Competence & Due Care By Steve Brown

Question: Write about theCase Study Sessionfor Professional Competence and Due Care. Answer: Viable pricing strategies can be pursued in order to attain competitive advantage by Annette. By considering the case facts, it can be noticed that Advance model is less profitable but other two models are capable to earn good profits. Thus, for Advance model break even pricing can be used to ensure that all costs are recovered and meanwhile improvement can be made in the product line to develop better product portfolio. For the purpose of Standard and Premium product line should make use of value pricing. In this approach price must be set on the basis of their perceived value of provided product and services. With the applied approach, customers will be satisfied and business will be in position to earn good profits so it will be win-win situation for both. Case facts shows clear contradiction of ethical aspect of professional competence and due care by Steve Brown. In accordance with this code of ethics, accountants are required to apply their skills and knowledge for analysing business situations in order to make viable decision instead of considering traditional approach. In the present case, Steve is ready consider actual cost structure due to mere fact that there is significant difference in cost. Further, he is giving wrong recommendation to Annette by suggesting him to hide actual cost reports from Barry by making window dressing in number. Being in position of account he is required to show accurate position of business by recording accounting facts and figures in a viable manner irrespective of consequences. This aspect shows clear contradiction of ethics of integrity.

Monday, December 2, 2019

Titian free essay sample

Titian ( Tiziano Vecellio ) ( c. 1485-1576 ) . The greatest painter of the Venetian school. The grounds for his birthdate is contradictory, but he was surely really old when he died. He received the more of import portion of his preparation in the studio of Giovanni Bellini, so came under the enchantment of Giorgione, with whom he had a close relationship. In 1506-08 he assisted him with the external fresco ornament of the Fondaco dei Tedeschi, Venice, and after Giorgione s early decease in 1510 it fell to Titian to finish a figure of his unfinished pictures. The writing of certain plants ( some of them celebrated ) is still disputed between them. Tiziano vecellio s first great committee was for three frescos in Padua ( Scuola del Santo, 1511 ) , baronial and dignified pictures proposing an about cardinal Italian soundness and monumentality. When he returned to Venice, Giorgione holding died and Sebastiano gone to Rome, the aged Bellini entirely stood between him and domination, and that merely until 1516 when Bellini died and Titian became official painter to the Republic. We will write a custom essay sample on Titian or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Meanwhile he was bit by bit winning free from the stylistic domination of Giorgione and developing a mode of his ain. Something of a merger between Titian sophistication and Giorgione s poesy is seen in the puzzling fable known as Sacred and Profane Love ( Villa Borghese, Rome, c. 1516 ) . This work inaugurated a superb period in Titian s originative calling during which he produced splendid spiritual, fabulous, and portrayal pictures, original in construct and vivid with colour and motion. A series of great reredoss opens with the Assumption ( Sta Maria dei Frari, Venice, 1516-18 ) , which in the surging motion of the Virgin, lifting from the stormy group of Apostles towards the hovering figure of God the Father, contradicts the stable footing of quattrocento and High Renaissance composing and looks frontward to the Baroque. The strong, simple colourss used here, and the creative person s apparent pleasance in the silhouetting of dark signifiers against a light background, reappear throughout the work of this period. There followed the Pesaro reredos ( Sta Maria dei Frari, Venice, 1519-26 ) , a bold diagonal composing of great impressiveness in which architectural motives are used to heighten the play of the scene, and the reredos of St Peter Martyr ( now destroyed bu t known to us from several transcripts and engravings ) , where trees and figures together organize a violent centrifugal composing suited to the action ; Vasari described it as `the most celebrated, the greatest work that Tiziano vecellio has of all time done . Tiziano vecellio s finest fabulous plant from this period are three images ( 1518-23 ) for Alfonso dEste the Worship of Venus, the Bacchanal ( both in the Prado, Madrid ) , and the Bacchus and Ariadne ( National Gallery, London ) and outstanding among his portrayals is the keen Man with a Glove ( Louvre, Paris, c. 1520 ) . About 1530, the twelvemonth in which his married woman died, a alteration in Titian s mode becomes evident. The vivacity of former old ages give manner to a more reticent and brooding art. He now began to utilize related instead than contrasting colourss in apposition, yellows and pale sunglassess instead than the strong blues and reds which shouldered each other through his old work. In composing excessively he became less adventuresome and used strategies which, compared with some of his earlier plants, appear about antediluvian. Thus his big Presentation of the Virgin ( Accademia, Venice, 1534-38 ) makes usage of the relief-like frieze composing beloved to the quattrocento. During the 1530s Titian s celebrity spread throughout Europe. In 1530 he foremost met the emperor Charles V ( in Bologna, where he was crowned in that twelvemonth ) and in 1533 he painted a celebrated portrayal of him ( Prado ) based on a portrayal by the Austrian Seisenegger. Charles was so pleased with it tha t he appointed Titian tribunal painter and elevated him to the rank of Count Palatine and Knight of the Golden Spur an unprecedented award for a painter. At the same clip his plants were progressively sought after by Italian princes, as with the famed Venus of Urbino ( Uffizi, Florence, c. 1538 ) , named after its proprietor, Guidobaldo, Duke of Camerino, who subsequently became Duke of Urbino. The airs is based on Giorgione s Sleeping Venus ( Gemà ¤ldegalerie, Dresden ) , but Titian substitutes a direct animal entreaty for Giorgione s idyllic farness. Early on in the 1540s Titian came under the influence of cardinal and north Italian Mannerism, and in 1545-6 he made his first and merely journey to Rome. There he was profoundly impressed non merely by modern plants such as Michelangelo s Last Opinion, but besides by the remains of antiquity. His ain pictures during this visit aroused much involvement, his Dana # 1083 ; ( Museo di Capodimonte, Naples ) being praised for its handling and colour and ( harmonizing to Vasari ) criticized for its inexact drawing by Michelangelo. Titian besides painted in Rome the celebrated portrayal of Pope Paul III and his Nephews ( Museo di Capodimonte ) . The decennary closed with farther imperial committees. In 1548 the emperor summoned Titian to Augsburg, where he painted both a formal equestrian portrayal ( Charles V at the Battle of M # 1100 ; hlberg, Prado ) and a more intimate one demoing him seated in an armchair ( Alte Pinakothek, Munich ) . He travelled to Augsburg once more in 1550 and th is clip painted portrayals of Charles s boy, the hereafter Philip II of Spain, and the greatest frequenter of his ulterior calling. Tiziano vecellio s work for Philip included a series of seven titillating fabulous topics ( c. 1550-62 ) : Dana # 1083 ; and Venus and Adonis ( Prado ) , Perseus and Andromeda ( Wallace Collection, London ) , The Rape of Europa ( Gardner Museum, Boston ) , Diana and Actaeon and Diana and Calisto ( Ellesmere Collection, on burden to the National Gallery of Scotland ) , and The Death of Actaeon ( National Gallery, London ) . Titian referred to these images as poesie, and they are so extremely poetic visions of distant universes, rather different from the animal worlds of his earlier fabulous pictures. During the last 20 old ages of his life Titian s personal plants, as opposed to those which busy helpers produced under his supervising and with his intercession, showed an increasing diarrhea in the handling and a sensitive meeting of colourss which makes them more and more immaterial. Autumnal tones reflected the creative person s brooding spirit. About the same clip his involvement in new pictural constructs waned. About 1550-55 he had painted a powerful Martyrdom of St Lawrence ( Gesuiti, Venice ) , which had affinities with Mannerism in the types and motions of the figures. In 1564-67 he repeated the image ( Escorial, Madrid ) , but now the visible radiation, which played a dramatic portion in the first version, became the main characteristic, making and fade outing signifiers. His powers remained bright until the terminal, and his calling closed with the amazing Piet # 1072 ; ( Accademia, Venice, 1573-76 ) , intended for his ain grave and finished after his decease by Palma Gi ovane. Tiziano vecellio s influence on later creative persons has been profound: he was supreme in every subdivision of picture and revolutionized the oil technique with his free and expressive brushwork. Vasari wrote of this facet of his late plants that they `are executed with bold, sweeping shots, and in spots of colour, with the consequence that they can non be viewed from near by, but appear perfect at a distance The method he used is wise, beautiful, and astonishing, for it makes images appear alive and painted with great art, but it conceals the labour that has gone into them. His illustriousness as an creative person, it appears, was non matched by his character, for he was notoriously covetous. In malice of his wealth and position, he claimed he was impoverished, and his hyperboles about his age ( by which he hoped to draw at the heartstrings of frequenters ) are one of the beginnings of confusion about his birthdate. Jacopo Bassano caricatured him as a usurer in his Purification of the Temple ( National Gallery, London ) . Titian, nevertheless, was munificent in his cordial reception towards his friends, who included the poet Pietro Aretino and the sculpturer and designer Jacopo Sansovino. These three were so close that they were known in Venice as the triumvirate, and they used their influence with their several frequenters to farther each other s callings.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Free Essays on God And My Dad

. "I have to lead my life in faith, without seeing Him" 2 Cor. v. 7 And Hab. 2 v. 3 "Though it tarry, wait for it" For a time we are conscious of God's attentions, then, when God begins to use us in His enterprises, we take on a pathetic look and talk of the trails and the difficulties, and all the time God is trying to make us do our duty as obscure people. None of us would be obscure spiritually if we could help it. Can we do our duty as obscure people. Can we do our duty when God has shut up heaven? Some of us always want to be illuminated saints with golden haloes and the flush of inspiration, and to have the saints of God dealing with us all the time. A gilt-edged saint is no good, he is abnormal, unfit for daily life, and altogether unlike God. We are here as men and women, Not as half-fledged angels, To do the work of the world, and to do it with an infinitely greater power to stand the turmoil because we have been born from above. Though it tarry, Patience is not indifference: patience conveys the ides of an immensely strong rock withstanding all onslaughts. The vision of God is the source of patience, because it imparts a moral inspiration. Daniel endured, not because he had a vision of God. He â€Å"endured, as seeing Him Who is invisible.† A man with the vision of God in not devoted to a cause or to any particular issue: he is devoted to God Himself. You always know when the vision is of God because of the inspiration that comes with it: Things come with largeness and tonic to the life because everything is energized by God. If God gives you a time spiritually, as He gave his Son actually, of temptation in the wilderness, with no word from Himself at all, endure, and the power to endure is there because you see God. If we try to re-introduce the rare moments of inspiration, it is a sign that it is not God we want. We are making a fetish of the moments when God ... Free Essays on God And My Dad Free Essays on God And My Dad When I reflect on Chapters 1 & 2 I think of Pauls words. "I have to lead my life in faith, without seeing Him" 2 Cor. v. 7 And Hab. 2 v. 3 "Though it tarry, wait for it" For a time we are conscious of God's attentions, then, when God begins to use us in His enterprises, we take on a pathetic look and talk of the trails and the difficulties, and all the time God is trying to make us do our duty as obscure people. None of us would be obscure spiritually if we could help it. Can we do our duty as obscure people. Can we do our duty when God has shut up heaven? Some of us always want to be illuminated saints with golden haloes and the flush of inspiration, and to have the saints of God dealing with us all the time. A gilt-edged saint is no good, he is abnormal, unfit for daily life, and altogether unlike God. We are here as men and women, Not as half-fledged angels, To do the work of the world, and to do it with an infinitely greater power to stand the turmoil because we have been born from above. Though it tarry, Patience is not indifference: patience conveys the ides of an immensely strong rock withstanding all onslaughts. The vision of God is the source of patience, because it imparts a moral inspiration. Daniel endured, not because he had a vision of God. He â€Å"endured, as seeing Him Who is invisible.† A man with the vision of God in not devoted to a cause or to any particular issue: he is devoted to God Himself. You always know when the vision is of God because of the inspiration that comes with it: Things come with largeness and tonic to the life because everything is energized by God. If God gives you a time spiritually, as He gave his Son actually, of temptation in the wilderness, with no word from Himself at all, endure, and the power to endure is there because you see God. If we try to re-introduce the rare moments of inspiration, it is a sign that it is not God we want. We are making a fetish of the moments when God ...

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Environmental Factors Shaping PepsiCos Marketing Essay Example

Environmental Factors Shaping PepsiCos Marketing Essay Example Environmental Factors Shaping PepsiCos Marketing Paper Environmental Factors Shaping PepsiCos Marketing Paper This paper will review the article, identify environmental factors that shape the organization and impact marketing decisions, and discuss how technology plays a role in those decisions. Alternatives to Ackermann view of social responsibility to the companys marketing decisions and activities will be analyzed, along with explanations of how ethical issues can make an impact. The accuracy of the articles forecasts will be reviewed and further supportive references to conclusions made will be gathered, if necessary. Global and Domestic Factors Several macro-environmental factors shape the PepsiCo Corporation and impact marketing decisions. Demographics, economic climate, ecological and lattice issues, technology, and cultural concerns all affect where the company is headed desires and the decisions the company makes. Each issue affects the company differently, but when combined together, the environmental factors can wreak havoc on a companys bottom line if not addressed appropriately. On the other hand, if a company has the ability to recognize these factors, can address them, and be prepared to think on its feet, then the factors can be used to the companys advantage. The Ackerman article discusses PepsiCo investment into the Chinese market. When it comes to the environmental factors, Pepsi must adjust its marketing strategy to fit the audience rather than trying to fit the audience to its strategy. For example, current demographics in the United States reflects an aging population as the nations Baby Boomers are now reaching retirement age with most of them having grown up with Pepsi and Coca- Cola. 12. 5% of the U. S. Population is over the age of 65, compared to China, where only 7. % of the population is over age 65 (Monasteries, 2009). According to Ackerman (2008), Pepsi plans to invest $1. 0 billion into the Chinese markets, which is significant considering that currently the worlds economy is relatively poor. The author believes that the plan to invest in the Chinese market is optimistic and that the company faces the challenge Of slow growth in China, a decline in U. S. Sales and the impact of the stronger dollar on international sales (Ac kerman, 2008, Para. 2). How wise is the decision to invest in a country during a period of world economic decline? Pepsi made similar ventures in the Eastern European and Russian regions that proved to be profitable. According to Jonathan Fenny, a Wichita Capital Markets analyst, Pepsins strategy is to build platforms ahead of demand to some extent and continuing to support platforms even during times of economic weakness (Ackerman, 2008, par a. 5). Success is not guaranteed in the Chinese market, but if Pepsi has been able to achieve positive demand for its products in the past in other challenging markets, the company just might be able to drive growth in this market as well. Technology Another example that affects PepsiCo is technology. Technological advancements are happening at a faster pace than ever in the 21 SST century ND companies must be ready to take advantage of them or be left behind. Advertising decisions must be made with technology in mind, such as making use of electronic billboards vs.. The old standards, which can appeal to PepsiCo technologically savvy target audience in China youth and young adults. The money that Pepsi plans to invest will also Ana able the company to develop new products and expand local research and development efforts. In order to cater to the Chinese audience, technology plays a role in developing products due to the use of computers and other equipment. Comparing Views Social responsibility and ethics Ackerman (2008). Seems to believe that PepsiCo move to invest heavily in the Chinese market can appear to be bullish, yet optimistic. The author points out negatives concerning the venture, such as the value of the dollar in the market, economic downturns and sinking financial profit reports. However, perception of the authors view of the companys social responsibility is high, since she States that investing in China will create new employment opportunities due to expansion of R D facilities, manufacturing opacity and sales force. Thousands of new jobs are expected to be created in China because of the investments (Ackerman, 2008, Para. 11). Ethically speaking , providing employment to the unemployed, especially in poor regions, will increase quality of life for the Chinese, while at the same time, increasing revenue as more people are able to afford to purchase Pepsi products. Not only that, Ackerman states that the company is business driven, which typically suggests a business model where a company takes ethics into mind. Since Pepsi has been able to invest in global markets, rated jobs and improved quality of life standards in the past, the company shows that it holds to an ethical guideline by striving to repeat success in new global markets. Another view of Pepsins social responsibility and ethical stance by Michael seem proves to be positive as well. The article covers Pepsins CEO Indri Annoy, her personal views and her vision and goals for the Pepsi Corporations future (Seem, 2008). Taking into consideration the struggles with obesity that the United States faces, Annoy convinced the company to sell Pizza Hut, KEF and Taco Bell in 1 997, acquired the Tropical many in 1998 and helped engineer a $14 billion takeover of Quaker Oats, maker of Storage in 2001 in order to be able to offer healthy alternatives to PepsiCo consumers (Seem, 2008). Annoy and PepsiCo have pledged by 201 0 that half of the firms revenue will come from healthful products and that the company will eschew fossil fuels in favor of wind and solar (Seem, 2008, Para. 7). The company will also campaign against obesity. According to Land (2008), the Pepsi Bottling Group has maintained significant environmental and ecological commitments. So far the company has been able to save over 300 million gallons of water, 1 6,000 tons of plastic, and has been able to offset 100% of the companys U. S. Electricity by making conscientious manufacturing technological and operations decisions. In a savvy public relations move, Pepsi includes in its marketing strategy the release of an environmental annual report to generate positive publicity about its commitment to citizenship, responsibility and ethics. After reviewing the Ackerman, Seem and Land articles, the writers view Of PepsiCo stance on social responsibility and ethics is positive. Pepsins efforts o consider the environment, increasing employment in oppressed countries, and taking on health initiatives bolsters the companys social image. Accuracy The Ackerman (2008) article quotes Pepsi CEO Annoy saying We are enormously confident in the continued prosperity of China. Confidence is found in this statement and confidence seems to have been used in the qualitative and quantitative data gathered to make the marketing decision to invest in China. When such a stance is taken and a company, in this economy, makes such a significant financial decision, the factual data outlined in the article can be concluded be fruitful. The article provides past examples of Pepsins ventures into foreign markets that provided SUcceSS and the statement that its business is driven by building platforms ahead of demand to some extent and continuing to support platforms even during times of economic weakness sums up the companys strategy because it shows the company properly plans ahead, using past successes as a foundation (Ackerman 2008). Seams (2008) article showed how the background and positive personal beliefs of PepsiCo CEO have flowed over into the positive marketing, manufacturing and socially responsible decisions of the company. The article also touched on the growing mentality of the United States and global market attitudes on important issues that make a global impact, including health and environment. Land (2008) reported specifically on the companys environmental efforts, which are beginning to shape the company for the future, which looks positive. Reporting specifically in numbers the results of Pepsins efforts to strive to be a company focused on citizenship, social responsible ¶/ and ethics help support the writers conclusions. Conclusion PepsiCo strives to remain one of the leading beverage and snack companies in the United States and abroad and takes into consideration the environmental factors, both domestic and global, that affect the companys marketing and business decisions. Pepsins plan to invest in the Chinese market will prove to be a successful venture due to past achievements in similar markets.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The Great Gatsby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

The Great Gatsby - Essay Example This depiction of the stereotypical women roles is especially true in the 1920’s setting of the novel. In the narration of the story, though it is accurate that the males are the central characters, the women serve to help shape them and make the audience appreciate who they are and why they are such. These women, for the most part, appear like they have no control over their lives and that it is the men who give directions and make the decisions. But all of them are gullible to their relationships. Toward the end nobody knows who is playing who. The women seem like tragic characters but the reader does not always feel for them because a lot of it is their fault. The plot becomes interesting as it revolves around the women and how they serve as the anchor of the events. Daisy Buchanan is the central character that binds the whole thing together. She is perhaps the very reason for the creation of Jay Gatsby, a worldly man created by James Gatz to impress her and sweep her off her feet. From their romantic encounter years earlier, Gatz fell in love with Daisy and created an idea of her he could not let go. Daisy’s marriage to Tom Buchanan started off unusually with the latter’s display of wealth and the pearls which she had privately refused saying â€Å"Tell ‘em all Daisy’s change’ her mine. Say ‘Daisy’s change’ her mine!’† (Fitzgerald 83) but thereafter wore as if nothing happened. From the early days of their marriage Tom’s infidelity was already obvious with a chambermaid in his car during an accident just right after their honeymoon. After marriage, Daisy had become a notorious socialite together with her rich husband. â€Å"They moved with a fast crowd, all of them youn g and rich and wild, but she came out with an absolutely perfect reputation† (ibid 84). Myrtle Wilson lives an equally miserable married life comparable to Daisy’s

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Macroeconomics and Microeconomics - Merced County Research Paper

Macroeconomics and Microeconomics - Merced County - Research Paper Example Sixty eight percent of the population lies between 18 and 65 years, which is a good indicator of the county’s labor force market. Agriculture is the base of the county’s economy. As a result, Merced has been ranking among the top producers of chicken, cattle, calves, milk, cream, tomatoes, and silage in the state of California. In addition, the county is home to some of the world’s largest agricultural processing facilities, including the Hilmar Cheese production, Fosters Farms Poultry processing, Ingomar Packing Company tomatoes processing, and Ernest and Julio Gallo winery. Despite this, the unemployment rate has been on a steady rise since 2000 in the county. Census reports indicate that the rate of unemployment was 9.6% in 2000, shooting to 16% in the 2009 census. The country’s overall economic crisis since 2001 may be a reason, but there is need to salvage the situation. The rise in unemployment is a contributing factor to the current high rates of cr ime. Another economic metric of concern is the labor market, which stood at 90,500 in 2000, increasing to 105,200 in 2009 (US Census Bureau). The figures indicate that there has been a relative growth in the county’s labor force. Accordingly, 86,678 individuals older than 16 years were under employment in comparison to 105,059 the year 2009 in the same category, indicating a slow growth of employment opportunities in the county. New business establishments rose from 4700 in 2000 to 5832 in 2009. Other metrics indicate that the county is experiencing a dormant growth in large-scale business establishment, but with more small-scale businesses being setup. The result is the absorption of a relatively small percentage of the labor market by the new businesses. Another concern is the educational level of the county’s population. According to the US census Bureau data of 2000, only about 68.5% of individuals older than 25 years had attained a high school diploma, and a mere 11% had a bachelor’s degree or higher education. these percentages are low compared to the averages of California state, which recorded 76.8% in high school diploma holders and 26.6% with a bachelor’s degree or higher, indicating that the work force is relatively under-qualified. Sustainability in the food manufacturing and processing has changed the heavy reliance of the economy on production of farm crops. Consequently, the county has been attracting a significant number of manufacturing and processing plants with interests outside the agricultural sector. The county’s economic development is a responsibility of the Merced County Economic Development Corporation (MCEDCO). The corporation oversees the economic coordination of various efforts and organization that seeks to improve the county’s labor force market as well as provide a favorable business environment that will attract new businesses into the region (Moffat 46). MCEDCO claim that the county ha s been changing its reliability on agriculture but the fact is that the county still relies on the agricultural sector, from revenues to job (which often pay low wages and are seasonal). In order to maintain economic sustainability of the county, there is need for the MCEDCO to engage in several economic development efforts, including general economic development, economic base diversification, workforce training and education, economic partnerships, existing business retention and expansion, new business recruitment and attraction, and tourism attraction. The MCEDCO (whose members

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Organizational Controls Essay Example for Free

Organizational Controls Essay The case describes one of the most common problems that arise in cross-cultural business expansions without accounting for cultural and social differences across borders. Lincoln is a well established company with a great concurrent control system which enables it to move swiftly through processes and end up with phenomenal figures of efficiency and productivity. The control system at Lincoln is concurrent, although it can be argued that the system has certain similarities with the feed-forward control system. However, one thing is certain: the system is quick and flexible to change quickly which does not consist of the slowness of the feedback system. In particular such a system along with the different types of reward schemes makes Lincoln highly successful in the United States. It would be really difficult to find an organization comparable to Lincoln in terms of the amounts and kinds of rewards given to its employees. The different employee rewarding schemes are all tools and techniques which Lincoln has adapted to over the years because of the realization of the fact that employees in the US are highly motivated through pay-based rewards. (Susan Meredith, 2004) Essentially speaking it is this single factor which has contributed largely to the success of Lincoln in the US and the different kinds of pay-based rewards only seek to satisfy all kinds of people with different ideas and expectations for pay-based rewards. It should be understood by the management of Lincoln when they are transporting the US approach to other cultures that the cultures of different nations maybe and probably are entirely different from the American culture. It is not necessary that the same kinds of objects and pay-based rewards may drive them and motivate them towards high productivity. There are a lot of other intrinsic rewards available at the disposal of managers to use to meet the demands of the workforce. The same types of rewards may not work on different cultures due to the social and political circumstances of those nations. Employees may have different needs, which if met by the management, will motivate them to work harder and achieve levels of high productivity and efficiency. (Daft, 2001) The problem made by the management at Lincoln was to generalize that fact that pay-based and other monetary rewards will definitely motivate employees to achieve high productivity and efficiency. Instead, the operations failed due to the different cultures having different motivational factors, which obviously were not identified by the Lincoln management. The suggestion here to be followed by the management is to identify through research and internal mingling the factors that affect motivation and job satisfaction amongst the different cultures in which they have expanded their operations to and address specifically those issues to reap the same results as in the US. (Robbins, 2004) Employees would maintain their relationship and confidence in Lincoln only if the organization upholds it’s the expectations the employees and their unions hold from them. If Lincoln is unable to pay its US workers the bonus they deserve, Lincoln will be in deep trouble. The overall situation would go from bad to worse. It should be understood that the US employees had no share or tear in Lincoln’s expansions and that the losses arising as a result of the bad policies implemented in the new acquisitions was not transferable onto the US employees. Thus, Lincoln should not dishearten the US employees or risk the deterioration of employee satisfaction, morale and motivation which will affect Lincoln negatively in a significant manner. (Robbins, 2004) Therefore, I believe that Lincoln should borrow money to pay its US workers the bonus they actually deserve to take no risks in losing potential employees to its competitors or risk the loss of employee boost and motivation due to a break in expected promises.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Free College Essays - Hindu Influence in A Passage to India :: Passage to India Essays

A Passage to India - Hindu Influence Several different literary elements work in tandem to produce the magic seen in E. M. Forster's A Passage to India. Because this novel was presented to the world less than a decade after World War I, the fantastic and exotic stories of India seized the attention of the relatively provincial society of the day, and the novel's detailed presentation of Hinduism certainly excited the imaginations of thousands of readers. Benita Parry supports this assertion when saying, "Hinduism takes its place at the core of the novel just as it lies at the heart of India" (164). How powerful was Hinduism in India? Historians have pointed out that the Indian masses united with strength only when Gandhi appealed to them through Hinduism (Parry 164). With this in mind, it seems reasonable for Forster to devote much energy to portraying the Hindu religion. Furthermore, Forster himself expressed that he viewed himself as on "nearer nodding terms with Krishna (the Hindu god of literature, art, music, and dance) than with any other god" (McDowell 105). The clash between Hinduism and Christianity in A Passage to India parallels the conflict between the Indians and the English. Hinduism is best represented in the novel by Professor Godbole, and Christianity is epitomized in Mrs. Moore. Mrs. Moore comes to India with the kindness and understanding heart of a devout Christian but leaves morose and peevish. Perhaps she is haunted into this state by Professor Godbole's strange song: "At times there seemed rhythm, at times there was the illusion of a Western melody. But the ear, baffled repeatedly, soon lost any clue, and wandered in a maze of noises, none harsh or unpleasant, none intelligible.... The sounds continued and ceased after a few moments as casually as they had begun - apparently half through a bar, and upon the subdominant" (84-85). When Godbole explains that his song is about a milkmaid begging for the Krishna's assistance, and Krishna's failure to appear, Mrs. Moore asks, "But he comes in another song, I hope?" to which Godbole immediately replies, "Oh no, he refuses to come. I say to him , Come, come, come, come, come, come. He neglects to come" (85). It is this song that forces Mrs. Moore and Adela Quested into emotional cocoons from which they only escape to meet horrible circumstances: Mrs.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Bubbles Up: a Science Experiment on Density Essay

Density is the measure of the quantity of some physical property [usually mass] per unit length, area, or volume (YourDictionary.com). How does temperature affect density? Do items become denser after being frozen? It is well known that water becomes denser when it’s temperature lowers until its freezing point. Does this principle apply to oil; and if so, which kinds? This question easily applies to real world problems. For example, when there is an oil spill in the ocean, the clean up crews have to know how dense the oil is before simply cleaning it up. If the oil is dense enough that only very small amounts are rising to the surface, the clean-up team will have to come up with a deep cleaning plan that won’t harm marine wildlife. On a more everyday level, understanding how certain car oils are affected by weather, thereby affecting their density, is necessary to keep one’s car running adequately without leaving harmful residue behind in the mechanics. For this experiment, I will be testing the density of three different kinds of oil: olive oil, mineral oil, and Wilbert’s lemon oil. I will test the oils’ density before and after being placed in the freezer to see if there is a noticeable difference in the density of the oil. I predict that all of the oils featured in this experiment will be more dense after sitting in the freezer for an hour. I came up with this hypothesis after reviewing other density related science experiments. What further assisted in the making of this hypothesis was the recalling of the fact that objects with lower temperatures (such as air or water) become denser. Two experiments that I found to be quite similar to this one were the Density Column and the Bubbling Lava Lamp. The Density Column measures the density of seven different liquids by layering them on top of each other. By doing this experiment, one is able to find out which liquid is the most dense; with the order ascending from there. Based on the results, they found that not all oils are the same density. Vegetable oil came in fifth from the bottom of the tower; lamp oil was the seventh and last layer in the column (Spangler, 2012). In the Bubbling Lava Lamp experiment, the fact that water is denser than vegetable oil was taken advantage of. Using an Alka-Seltzer  tablet, the formed carbon monoxide bubbles that pushed the water up and through the vegetable oil. What happened thereafter is that the Alka-Seltzer bubbles would pop and the colored water would sink back down to the bottom of the container through the oil (Spangler). Regardless of penetration, the two liquids did not mix. While temperature was not a key factor in either experiment, they did show that the liquids differing in densities would not mix despite what was happening to them or around them – and that is important for this experiment. In order for Bubbles Up to work properly, the oils cannot mix with the water they are floating on top of no matter what happens. To conduct the science experiment, I used the following items: (3) 12 ounce cups (1) marble (1) dime (1) penny a pitcher of water a bottle of olive oil a bottle of mineral oil a bottle of Wilbert’s lemon oil blue food coloring a freezer a timer a measuring cup a spoon or a pair of tongs to retrieve the objects from inside the cups soap and water solution to clean the objects off paper towel thermometer : In the experiment Bubbles Up, the observer will drop various objects into each of the three cups and record how many bubbles of oil they observe. While the results may vary slightly from mine, it may be because of ambient temperature of the room they are working in. This design plan was chosen because timing how fast an object fell to the bottom of the cup is  impossible without computer assistance. However, counting how many bubbles of oil occur within the water is a good measure of how dense the oil is because of it being light enough to fall with the object. The reasoning behind this experimental design in terms of whether or not the density of oil changes with a change in temperature was a matter of working with limited resources. I have not found any other experiment using this method to test density; but there is a similar experiment for testing viscosity. In The Viscosity of Motor Oil, a marble was dropped through a a graduated cylinder of motor oil three different times. Each time, the motor oil was a different temperature. Density, volume, and velocity were used as variables to solve for viscosity (Ani, 2011). To begin, set up your work station. Mix the food coloring with the mineral oil. Fill each cup with four ounces of water. Then, fill one cup with six ounces of olive oil. Wash out the measuring cup; then fill a different cup of water with six ounces of mineral oil. Wash out the measuring cup again. Fill the last cup of water with six ounces of Wilbert’s lemon oil. At this point, you should have three cups – all of which have a different color oil floating on water. Set up the rest of your materials so that are out of the way, but within easy reach. Set up your data table (see table below). Proceed to Experiment 1. Part 1 Step 1 – Pick up a marble and drop it from the rim of the olive oil cup. Record how many bubbles of oil float upwards from the bottom. Carefully remove the marble with a spoon or tongs and wash it off with soap and water. Repeat this step with the dime and penny, making sure to remove each object and washing it off before moving on to the next object. Step 2 – Repeat step one exactly for the mineral oil cup and lemon oil cup. Step 3 – After ensuring you have recorded all data and washed all objects clean, proceed to Experiment 2. Part 2 Step 1 – Place all three cups containing oil in the freezer. Set the timer for one hour. Step 2 – After one hour has passed, carefully remove the cups  from the freezer, one by one, making sure to not shake them. Step 3 – Repeat Part 1. Do not skip any steps. Step 4 – After ensuring that you have recorded all data, carefully clean up. Have an adult assist in the disposal of the oil – water mixtures if you are under 18 years of age. You will observe how many bubbles float up through the water after dropping an object in, one at a time. Do this with one object, one cup at a time to retrieve accurate results. Remove the previous object before dropping the next one in (ie.; drop in the marble, record the data, remove the marble, drop in the dime, record the data, remove the dime, drop in the penny, record the data, remove the penny, go to the next cup and repeat). The data table should be set up in this manner: [Image Not Included] : I first recorded my data on paper with a pencil, then re-typed it on the computer. I suggest doing this so that there isn’t a possibility of damaging your electronic devices. The independent variables of this experiment are the oils. They will be tested in two differing temperature conditions. The dependent variables are the number of bubbles observed after dropping the objects into the cups. The number of bubbles should differ based on being a difference in the density of the oils after their temperature decrease. The control variables are the objects being dropped into the cups. They are constant and do not change in composition in any manner. While there are ways to ruin the validity of this experiment, I have taken steps to reduce and/ or completely cancel out threats to validity. The objects are all dropped from the rim of the cup to ensure that there are no variations in height from which they are dropped. Should there be a variation in height, that could very well affect the number of bubbles produced. All of the cups have four ounces of water in them so that there is the same amount of space for the bubbles to be observed within in each cup. All objects are washed off before being used again to avoid the oils mixing  together. All objects are reused for each cup so that there isn’t a variation in weight of the marble, dime, and penny. A variation in weight could affect the number of bubbles produced. When the cups were placed in the freezer, they are all placed on the same shelf in a row going side to side. By doing this, I have reduced the chances of any cup being in a section of the freezer that was cooler or warmer than another section. Lastly, I have made it a point to record the data immediately after observation so the chances of forgetting are practically impossible. With those steps taken, the validity of Bubbles Up has been ensured. I began the experiment by mixing the food coloring and mineral oil together. I then filled each cup with four ounces of water.. Then, I filled one cup with six ounces of olive oil; washed out the measuring cup and repeated this action with the mineral oil and Wilbert’s lemon oil. I carefully laid out the rest of my materials so that they were within easy reach, but out of the way of my work space. Lastly, I set up the data table so that I could easily write down my observations. I began by picking up the marble and holding it to the rim of the cup of olive oil. I proceeded to drop it in and counted the number of bubbles of oil that appeared. I then wrote down the number in the date table. I then carefully removed the marble with a spoon and washed the two items off. I then picked up the penny and held it to the rim of the same cup and dropped it in. I counted the number of bubbles and wrote down the data into the table. I then removed the penny with the spoon and washed both off. Lastly, I picked up the dime and and held it to the rim of the olive oil cup before carefully dropping it into the cup. I then counted how many bubbles came up and wrote the number down. After removing the dime with the spoon, I washed the dime and spoon off. I then moved on to the cup of mineral oil. Starting with the marble first again, I held it to the rim of the cup and dropped it in to the cup. After counting how many bubbles appeared, I wrote the number down. I then removed the marble with the spoon and washed them off. Then, I moved on to the penny and held it to the rim of the cup and dropped it in. I wrote down the number of bubbles I observed after dropping the penny in. The penny was then removed with a spoon and both were washed off. Last came the dime to be  dropped in from the rim of the cup. Post-observation of the bubbles, I wrote the number I had seen. Before going on to the last cup, I removed the dime from the cup with the spoon and washed them off. Turning my attention to the cup of Wilbert’s lemon oil, I picked up the marble and dropped it in from the rim of the cup. Counting the number of bubbles, I wrote how many I observed. Carefully, I removed the marble from the cup with the spoon and washed the two items off. Then the penny was dropped in from the rim and the number of bubbles was counted. The data was collected and written down into the table. The penny was removed with the spoon and the two items were washed off. Lastly, the dime was dropped into the cup from the rim and the number of bubbles that appeared was counted; that number was then written down into the table. Before concluding this half of the experiment, the dime was removed with the spoon and the two were washed off. At this point, the three cups were carefully transported to the freezer one by one. They were each placed on the second to top shelf about halfway from the back of the freezer. The three of the cups covered the length of the freezer from one side to the other (this was done in a two door refrigerator where the freezer and refrigerator stand next to each other instead of one top of the other). I then set the timer for one hour; and after that hour I removed the cups from the freezer and took their temperatures. They were all the same temperature – 43 ° F. I then placed the cups down on the table in the order they’d been in before (from left to right): olive oil, mineral oil, Wilbert’s lemon oil. I restarted the experiment by picking up the marble and holding it to the rim of the cup of olive oil. I proceeded to drop it in and counted the number of bubbles of oil that appeared. I then wrote down the number in the date table. I then carefully removed the marble with a spoon and washed the two items off. I then picked up the penny and held it to the rim of the same cup and dropped it in. I counted the number of bubbles and wrote down the data into the table. I then removed the penny with the spoon and washed both off. Lastly, I picked up the dime and and held it to the rim of the olive oil cup before carefully dropping it into the cup. I then counted how many bubbles came up and wrote the number down. After removing the dime with the spoon, I  washed the dime and spoon off. I then moved on to the cup of mineral oil. Starting with the marble first again, I held it to the rim of the cup and dropped it in to the cup. After counting how many bubbles appeared, I wrote the number down. I then removed the marble with the spoon and washed them off. Then, I moved on to the penny and held it to the rim of the cup and dropped it in. I wrote down the number of bubbles I observed after dropping the penny in. The penny was then removed with a spoon and both were washed off. Last came the dime to be dropped in from the rim of the cup. Post-observation of the bubbles, I wrote the number I had seen. Before going on to the last cup, I removed the dime from the cup with the spoon and washed them off. Turning my attention to the cup of Wilbert’s lemon oil, I picked up the marble and dropped it in from the rim of the cup. Counting the number of bubbles, I wrote how many I observed. Carefully, I removed the marble from the cup with the spoon and washed the two items off. Then the penny was dropped in from the rim and the number of bubbles was counted. The data was collected and written down into the table. The penny was removed with the spoon and the two items were washed off. Lastly, the dime was dropped into the cup from the rim and the number of bubbles that appeared was counted; that number was then written down into the table. I then removed the dime and washed it and the spoon off. I then disposed of the oils by dumping them out into my back yard; except the lemon oil. I flushed that down the toilet. After cleaning up my work space, I immediately set to digitizing my data table. Please refer to the attached charts for the data table and graphs. The method used to to run this experiment was counting bubbles instead of timing how fast the objects fell through the oil. The reason I did not time the objects’ fall was because it was far less than a second for each of them. However, the bubbles were a visible observation and did prove to change with the change of the oils’ temperature and density. Because the oil was denser, it stuck more to each object as they fell through and thus produced more oil bubbles in the water. Therefore, the question as to whether or not oil became denser when cooled was answered quite fully. Before freezing the oil, the number of bubbles per oil per object were pretty close in range considering the marble was the heaviest object and the dime was the lightest. It was also taken into consideration that unlike the marble, the two coins could produce only slightly more oil bubbles by flipping as they fell through the oil and water. Throughout the experiment, the coins didn’t flip more than one full rotation at any given time. The number of bubbles for the olive oil in order from heaviest to lightest object was 6, 7, and 4; giving an average of 5.6 bubbles. The number of bubbles for the mineral oil was 6, 5, and 3; providing an average of 4.3 bubbles. The number of bubbles for the Wilbert’s lemon oil was 10, 10, and 9; with a mean of 9.6 bubbles. If you refer to the chart, you’ll see that I didn’t add the averages to the chart or graph. My reason in mentioning them is to show that they fell within the range of numbers. However, if you look at the graph, you will see that after placing the oil in the freezer for one hour, the number of bubbles increased across the board. The post-cooling numbers for the olive oil are 11, 10, and 8; with an average of 9.6 bubbles. The post-cooling numbers for the mineral oil are 9, 7, and 5; with a mean of 7. The Wilbert’s lemon oil post-cooling bubble count is 13, 12, and 12; providing an average of 12.3 bubbles. The conclusion of Bubbles Up is that oil’s density is affected by temperature. This conclusion was reached by observing the change in the number of bubbles between the oil being room temperature and chilled in the freezer. Based on these findings, I accept my initial hypothesis of oil’s density will increase as its temperature decreases. As seen by the data chart and graph, more oil bubbles were created by the falling objects after the oil had been placed in the freezer for one hour. This conclusion was reached by having a clear and repeatable experimental design. Having a concise experimental design is important because it will help to ensure that there is little room for error. Also, designing an experiment around a scientific inquiry will make it more likely for that specific question to be answered in an accurate and testable manner. If the experimental design is badly planned out, one can have inaccurate results, inaccurate information, and even have an irreparable or injurious mistake occur. The reason for having a well made experimental design is to negate any ill effects that could arise during testing; as well  as ensuring valid results. One major factor of a well thought out experimental design is whether or not it can be replicated. Scientific replication in terms of experiments is important because it allows others to see first-hand what the original person observed. It also tests and retests the hypothesis and findings of the original experiment. If the experiment cannot be replicated, there isn’t a way to confirm whether the hypothesis is absolutely true and that those results from the first experiment are correct. For example, my experimental design detailed each step of the experiment as well as the conditions under which the experiment was done so that another person could repeat every portion of it down to the temperature of the room I was in. By making my design fairly simple, the steps of the design are easy and clear to follow. I indicated which order I tested things in, I made it clear to wash the items in between cups, I noted how long to leave the oils in the freezer for – among other things. Mentioning every detail – big and small – allows my experimental design to be replicated. Due to having a simple design that is replicable and reliable for its purpose, my study is fairly valid. It covered the purpose of the experiment, answered the question, and tested my hypothesis. I do believe that if this experiment was replicated, the results would be extremely similar. With similar results between the original experiment and a replication, the experimental design would be proven to be valid. The ability to replicate an experiment and achieve similar results is important. If one replicates an experiment exactly and the results are vastly different, then the validity of the experiment does not exist. The experiment would be considered invalid. The reason for this is because a replication of an experiment tests how well the experiment was designed. If the experiment is designed poorly, then the experiment’s results may be terribly inaccurate. If the results are inaccurate, then the experiment has proven nothing. The results would be useless and provide no kind of scientific advancement. More importantly, the lack of similar results in experiment replication means that the hypothesis can not be tested to prove it to be right or wrong repeatedly. Therefore, the study would be unproductive and invalid for all scientific purposes. References Spangler, S. (2012). Steve spangler science: Making science fun. Retrieved from http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/experiment/seven-layer-density-column Spangler, S. (n.d.). steve spangler science. Retrieved from http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/experiment/bubbling-lava-lamp Ani, B. O. (2011). The viscosity of motor oil. Informally published manuscript, University of South California, Los Angeles, , Available from California State Science Fair. Retrieved from http://www.usc.edu/CSSF/History/2011/Projects/S1801.pdf density. (n.d.). Retrieved September 6th, 2012, from http://science.yourdictionary.com/density

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Portraying the Carpe diem Theme through Poetry Essay

The two poems, Robert Herrick’s To The Virgins, To Make Much of Time and Andrew Marvell’s To His Coy Mistress, both employ the â€Å"carpe diem† (seize the day) theme. Using both stock and original imageries, they effectively send the message across the reader that Time runs and keeps running so that one should enjoy the pleasures of love and romance while in one’s youth. However, the manners in which the two poets express this theme differ from each other. The tone, metaphors and other poetic devices present in the two poems convey varied effects to the mind of the readers as to how the carpe diem theme should be considered. Herrick’s poem is the simpler and more urgent of the two. Throughout the 16 lines comprising the piece, Herrick consistently paints through his metaphors the image of impending death and loss thus creating the sense of urgency in favor of his cause, which is for the virgins, to whom he is addressing the poem, to get married while they are young. The images of â€Å"Old Time†¦a-flying (line 2) followed by a â€Å"flower (that) smiles today/ Tomorrow will be dying (lines 3-4)† both allude to the temporariness of beauty and youth. In contrast, To His Coy Mistress is a more complex way of expounding the theme. While Marvell also exhorts the woman, by whom the poem is being addressed to, to hurry and seize the available opportunities while she is still young, there is a tone of hopefulness and optimism accompanying the sense of urgency. The poet begins by presenting hyperboles as to how he would like his love to be—growing through time, from â€Å"ten years before the Flood†¦Till the conversion of the Jews (lines 8 and 10). He would like to leisurely enjoy the romantic experience, spending â€Å"An hundred years†¦to praise/ Thine eyes†¦Two hundred to adore each breast,/ But thirty thousand to the rest (lines 13-16). † He states that the reason for this is that his lover â€Å"deserve this state/ Nor would I love at lower rate (lines 19-20). † Only in the second stanza does Marvell present the carpe diem case by presenting a similar personification of Time present in Herrick’s poem. In Marvell’s Time rides a â€Å"winged chariot hurrying near (line 22). † He follows this with frightening imageries of death such as how, if the woman keeps resisting, in the end â€Å"worms shall try/ That long preserved virginity (lines 27-28). † This sudden shift from beautiful romantic metaphors in the first stanza to the images of death in the second stanza actually makes the theme more effective and urgent to the reader. The shock element of death makes the young reader consider the theme and really hurry to enjoy love’s pleasures while it is too late. Finally, while Herrick’s poem suggests that life and love is only worth it â€Å"when youth and blood are warmer/ But being spent, the worse (lines 10-11)†, suggesting that everything is downhill after youth, Marvell thinks that love is a consolation for humans against the ravages of Time. The final lines, â€Å"Though we cannot make our sun/ Stand still, yet we will make him run (lines 45-46)†, suggest that although death is inevitable, loving is a way by which we can forget thinking about old age and death. Carpe diem poems all seek to send the same message to the reader: to grab the opportunities present in youth for once these are gone, they can never be reclaimed nor repeated. Herrick and Marvell both wrote poems to illustrate this point using varied metaphors like the personification of Time rushing by, the rising and dying of the Sun and other temporal objects like flowers and birds. Herrick’s poem is the classic carpe diem poem, urging the reader to enjoy youth and make much of it because everything is temporary, while Marvell incorporates an additional point about how seizing love during one’s youth is a way to distract one from thinking about how temporary youth is in one’s life.

Friday, November 8, 2019

All My Sons essays

All My Sons essays The quotation We are the cause of our own obstacles, by Meister Eckhart is very representative of how life is. The quotation means that the problems in ones life are caused by that persons actions. I partially belief this statement because I belief that yes, your actions affect you, they also affect other people as well, causing problems for them that they did not bring on themselves. If I decide to put a coin on a railroad track, when the train comes it will derail. Sure I may go to jail for my actions which shows that I brought the trouble to myself, but it also affects the people who were on the train. It was not their fault that I put the coin on the track and because of me, I possibly killed or hurt many people. In this example, I have caused some minor obstacles for myself, but have caused monumental obstacles for the people riding the train and also their family and relatives. Arthur Miller illustrates this interpretation of the quotation in All My Sons. In this play, Joe Keller ships some cracked cylinder heads during the war and they are placed in some planes. The planes crash and kill twenty-one men. Joe Keller does go to jail for a little but he is set free because he was not at the shop when the heads were shipped. Instead he had his partner, Steve Deever, send the cylinder heads and Joe stayed home to maintain an alibi. Steve, however, is punished much more severely. He was charged with the crime and was sent to prison because he was the actual one who gave the order. This shows how Joe Keller's actions didnt really effect him much. It affected all the ones who were killed and their families. It also affected Steve Deever and his family. In the process of punishing others with his actions, Joe also affected his son Larry. Larry couldnt belief what his father had done. To punish his father and make him see what he had done wrong, Larry kills himself. This action shows Joe t...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

How To Prioritize Your Marketing Projects For Huge Growth [PODCAST]

How To Prioritize Your Marketing Projects For Huge Growth [PODCAST] How do you decide what marketing idea is worth your time to work on? When working in a team, ideas seem to come from everywhere: Your sales team, product engineers, customer success folks, and yourself! My guest today is CEO and Founder of Baremetrics, Josh Pigford, and he’s here to answer that question. Baremetrics is a revenue and subscription analytics tool that enables companies and marketers to make informed decisions about their marketing strategies. Josh has developed a unique ranking system to score marketing ideas based on project qualities, and his team uses that to decide which projects the company should focus on. Today, Josh teaches us how to prioritize marketing ideas and shares the process Baremetrics uses behind the scenes that helps them focus  on the most effective projects. Some of the topics on today’s episode include: Prioritizing marketing projects with limited resources Josh’s process for coming up with marketing ideas The â€Å"Bulls-Eye framework† for idea prioritization Scoring ideas based on project qualities Josh’s method for testing ideas

Sunday, November 3, 2019

CASE STUDY FOR BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

FOR BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE - Case Study Example 1). It is necessary to test the glucose level in the blood in order to determine whether an individual is suffering from hypoglycemia (Cryer, Axelrod &Grossman 2009 p.709). Specialists argue that it is better to treat hypoglycemia, especially, when individual is experiencing the signs of the disease and cannot verify its presence. Severe hypoglycemia can lead to death, coma, injuries and accidents. True hypoglycemia normally occurs in patients having diabetes type 1 and 2. This is because drugs used for treating diabetes have the ability to lower the level of glucose in the blood (Mohammadreza, 2012 p. 1). A significant proportion of patients suffering from hypoglycemia are unaware of the condition leading to a condition is called Hypoglycemia Unawareness. However, the condition can have a fatal effect on the patient when accompanied by lack of signs. The patient can develop severe hypos when there are no warnings (Cryer, 2004 p. 2273). In this case, warning signs that a patient should eat do not accompany acute drop of glucose. The patients should rely on glucose monitoring equipments and help of others. In a partial loss of hypoglycemia warnings, the patient may experience some signs of hypoglycemia condition though they may not be clear. The other condition is called reduced warning symptoms. In search a scenario, the signs are either missing or reduced though the level of glucose is reduced (Philip, 2013 p.1). The absence of warning can lead to several outcomes. The patient may depend on others and feel insecure. It may also cause embarrassment, especially, when people around an individual known about the condition. Hypoglycemia patients also fear leaving their homes to seek medical attention (Miller et al. 1980 p. 652). Such patients can be a danger to themselves or those around them. For example, hypoglycemia patient can become unconscious when driving. In such case, they can cause a fatal accident. In addition to this,

Friday, November 1, 2019

Access and Accessibility Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Access and Accessibility - Literature review Example The obvious aspect, therefore, is that accessibility is linked with numerous socio-economic opportunities and hindrances. Accessibility refers to the measure of the ability of a location to be reached by different people around it, or to reach different locations. It is, thus apparent that the scope and arrangement of all transport infrastructures are essential in determining accessibility to green spaces in urban areas (Comber et al 2011, p. 30). Access, on the other hand, refers to the capacity to go into or leave a green space. Access is, hence an absolute determinant of whether a location can be entered or exited. This paper appreciates both the concepts of access and accessibility and looks into the intricacies of both geographical elements with regard to green spaces in urban areas (Van 2007, p. 18). This is bound to provide an in-depth understanding of the green spaces in towns and cities, offering leeway for determining accessibility and access of green spaces in major towns (Van Herzele 2003, p. 120) As noted, access and accessibility are quite distinct. While accessibility varies according to one’s position, access is a relative concept, which is equal for all persons in an area. For instance, an areas of green space can be accessible by any person, be it by persons of high socio-economic status, low status, persons with disabilities, or fully-able bodied persons. Access to urban green space is, therefore, uniform wherever one is situated in the vicinity of the green space, provided that there is a capacity to enter or exit the green space (Heywood, Carver and Cornelius 2006, p. 96). When assessing the viability of the green spaces in urban areas, two important concepts must be considered. These are distance and time. These two factors typically affect accessibility in different capacities. Firstly, distance between the green space and a person’s location is bound to affect one’s ability to reach the green space and the time it takes to arrive at the green s pace (Handy and Niemeier 1997, p. 1183). In addition, time is relative in terms of the duration it takes for a green space to develop fully after its establishment. Time is relative because different locations within an urban area have distinct speed limits, which affect the time taken to travel through these locations. Distance does not change, but is it a contributor to the overall speed used to reach a specific green space. Because not all locations within an urban area are equally accessible, this implies inequality. The concept of accessibility, therefore, relies on two paramount factors that is the location and distance. Analyzing distance and location of the green space is a key aspect of GIS analysis (Kong, Yin, and Nakagoshi 2007 , p. 249). Firstly, location measures accessibility with regard to other green spaces in the areas and around the urban area. Infrastructure supports movement to and from green spaces. This implies that accessibility of green spaces is relatively p roportional to a

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

International Trade Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Trade Laws - Essay Example This works for the higher competitive advantage of the national companies, and thus 'closing eyes' on the illegal actions foreign companies take abroad, as well as trying to sue them for the refund of the damages which national companies pay abroad, and which is often resolved for the benefit of the national company, is a means of fighting competition through the means and methods which are legal only on the surface. 'Competition law embodies an inherent conflict while protecting local consumers from monopolies, cartels and oligopolies - it ignores the very same practices when directed at foreign consumers'. (Francis, 1995) For example, even GATT /WTO rules allow the existence of the foreign trade cartels, and if the same actions would be considered to be illegal within the country, these actions are seen as proper and legal at the international level. (Mathis, 2002) It was interesting to note, that one of the literary sources recommends adoption of the claw back provisions for the poor countries, which would want to develop their export markets. These claw back provisions would allow local courts to refund any penalty payment put on the local company by a foreign entity for the violation of trade policies and using unfair methods of international trade. ... Let's have a closer look at the GATT International Antitrust Code, which has created the four main principles, violated through the use of claw back provisions. - National laws should be applied to solve international competition problems; - Parties, regardless of origin, should be treated as locals; - A minimum standard for national antitrust rules should be set (stricter measures would be welcome); and - The establishment of an international authority to settle disputes between parties over antitrust issues. (Tarullo, 2002) The use of claw back provision if the violation of the first noted principle - they are not crated in accordance with the international laws and they don not foster creation of the laws which would support competition on the international level. Moreover, 'parties, regardless origin, should be treated as locals'; however claw back provisions are clear examples of the absolutely opposite actions of the parties. Claw back provisions are often depicted as the best means of protecting the parties from the improper judicial treatment in the foreign country; however fighting illegal actions and unfair competition is possible only through the adoption and use of such fines and damage payments for the benefit of the party the rights of which were violated. According to the Havana Charter 1947, there is a list of actions which are supposed to be illegal and represent the moves of the unfair competition; among these actions are discriminating particular enterprises, excluding enterprises from a specific territorial market, etc. Claw back provisions, on the contrary give local (national) companies legal basis for unfair competition' actions in the foreign country through understanding that in case they are sued, their country of

Monday, October 28, 2019

The Reward-Award System and the Suffocating Aspect of Expectations Essay Example for Free

The Reward-Award System and the Suffocating Aspect of Expectations Essay Education is considered as a very important aspect of our lives. It is through education that a person is able to learn various things which are needed later on in his or her life. While some may argue that that there are some things that education does not need to teach like Chemistry or Physics when a person wants to be a writer or fashion designer in the future, no one can argue that it is the discipline which those subjects or the whole aspect of the academic itself which is proven to be very useful later on. No one can deny the fact that the knowledge accumulated within the four walls of classroom is imperative, just as the experience of the whole thing within the years of being educated is important. The relationships that will be formed within the walls of the school can sometimes even surpass the connection that families have within their homes. In fact, sometimes, the people within the school are those who are considered as the very family of a person. However, what is really most focused on while in school is the aspect of academics, and while academics are really important, a person can believe that the stifling obligations and duties that come with it can be very difficult, most especially if a family or a community strongly believes that a person is worthy or should succeed. The expectations which come with the whole thing can be horrifying and appalling. In many countries, there are news reports of very young people committing suicide or killing each other because of the burden which is brought by these expectations. Why is it that many adults are pushing their children to the best schools, to have the best grades, to be the best in everything? Perhaps, a person should look into the basis of what is exactly the concept of being the best. The best is known as the number one — a person who receives the awards and medals and becomes famous for either being beautiful or being smart. Any person in between can be considered as an average person. Thus, this paper will point out the belief that the award-reward system is actually not a good thing and it should be improved or changed. Many companies in the future always ask or want a sense of accomplishment and an achievement. Going through school without getting into trouble and finishing it is a great accomplishment in itself, and yet people still yearn for more. People yearn for a physical evidence of an accomplishment and an achievement. In a family, when a member comes home with a medal or an award, the whole family celebrates and applauds for that person. That is after all, a sense of achievement — an evidence of hard work. However, in the corner or in the room upstairs, the sibling is hiding and feels so worthless since he or she cannot give his or her parents that same sense of satisfaction. So where does the problem lie exactly? Are parents too demanding and pushy that children are left to be so burdened with books and fulfilling the dreams of their parents? That is indeed sometimes the case, is it not — the children are left to fulfill a dream of a parent who is unable to fulfill his or her own dream? Who is at fault though? Who are the ones who are to blame for this kind of rewarding system? This system believes that the only means of achieving success and satisfaction is by means of an award. Genuine compliments and words of praises are then considered as inferior when compared to those awards. The awards system can be even traced back into far as the ancient Greece and ancient Egypt. Those who are concluded as the best and strongest during battles or matches are rewarded with medals, shields, or the head of the leader of their enemy. It is not surprising then why this kind of thinking is still present today. What is it about this kind of system that still make academic and non-academic institutions follow it? It important to look at the pros and cons and determine once and for all, why the reward system is more than discouraging — it is outright a mistake to even exist in the first place. The Advantageous Aspect of the Award System It is through the awards and such things that a person wants to work hard and strive to be the best. Because of this particular system, people are being non-mediocre and making efforts to put their best foot forward. It is a matter of having a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction. The shining moment when a person goes up the stage or when everyone starts to acknowledge the person and the efforts which he or she has done is beyond exhilarating — it is a moment of pure bliss which will be imprinted in his or her memory for years. The Suffocating Aspect of Expectations As what the numerous paragraphs of this paper suggest, there are so many things which the award-reward system is telling society. One is that parents push their children to such great extent that it is sometimes suffocating. The burden of having to prove oneself to other people by means of an award is far ridiculous — it is beyond discouraging. Conclusion In conclusion, the reward-award system which has been the practice for many years should be changed for another system that exercises fairness and considers all the implications that the system is bringing. After all, the proof of a job well done does not rely merely on medals and on awards — hard work and determination is also a proof, and medals and awards would not be able to mirror or reflect those.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Susan Glaspells Jury of Her Peers and James Tiptree Jr.s Mama Come Home :: Compare Contrast Essays

Susan Glaspell's Jury of Her Peers and James Tiptree Jr.'s Mama Come Home â€Å"Jury of Her Peers† and â€Å"Mama Come Home† are two very different stories but yet they still are very much alike. The authors even have their own similarities and differences. Both authors are women, James Tiptree Jr. is a pseudonym for Alice Sheldon, who are writing from the feminist perspective. â€Å"Jury of Her Peers† was written by Susan Glaspell in 1917 and â€Å"Mama Come Home† was written in 1968. The characters in each story make some kind of change in the way they act, both show the feminist views that they believe in, and also each story takes place in a different time period with different groups in dominance. In both the Glaspell and Tiptree stories one or more of the main characters make some kind of change. In â€Å"Jury of Her Peers† the two women that go to the Wright house with their husbands begin the story wondering what would ever possess Mrs. Wright to kill her husband. The women entered the house with the purpose to pick up a few things that Minnie Wright had requested from her prison cell. The longer the women are in the house, while their husbands are looking around, the more they find out about the state of mind of Minnie Wright. They find plenty of evidence of the change in Minnie’s attitude toward her husband and her life. The change in the way she was making her quilt shows that she was frustrated with her life or her husband. Later they find the dead canary and decide that Mr. Wright killed the bird and then Mrs. Wright killed her husband in his sleep with a rope. Mrs. Wright mentally changed with the death of her husband, and the bird and the two wo men changed their attitude toward Minnie after they find the evidence. In â€Å"Mama Come Home† a group of female aliens called Capellans come down to Earth. Tillie is a C.I.A. agent that had been raped recently and was having a hard time around men. Tillie looks exactly like the aliens except for the height difference. Tillie likes staying with the Capellan women because they make her feel protected due to their size. For most of the time that they are here she spends almost all of her time with them.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Self-Assessment and Reflection Paper

As I look back over the years I thought about my position as an educator in the early 1990's. I taught adults 18 years and older typing and introduction to computers at Barclay Career Center in Jacksonville, Florida for three years. It never ceased to amaze me at their eagerness to learn. Also as a minister, I experience numerous individuals from various backgrounds. Every one of them is managing problems or difficulties that impede their achievement of intention every day.They look for profound direction and a deeper association with from me and I am there to offer assistance. However, as I started to examine from the top to the bottom for solutions of taking care of the issues of the individuals, I also discovered that numerous adults had an illiteracy impairment which is a hindrance, and of absence of basic education. I found on both professional levels that although the majority were eager to learn, we still needed to assist most of our adult learners in preparing for postseconda ry education, so that they could have successful careers, and productive lives.They were acking so many essential skills I cant even explain how they were allowed in the program without it. Thus we started an Adult Basic Education Program at Barclay Career Center. This program included program instruction in basic literacy skills: In reading, language, writing and math. We emphasized writing, basic math computation vocabulary development, dictionary skills, comprehension improvement, critical thinking, and math problem solving. After a few months we begin to see the turn around especially in their reading, writing and math.So when I was asked why do I want to become an adult educator, and what aspect f adult education or training do I plan to pursue? All these memories flooded my mind. I enjoy empowering adult learners to realize that they can achieve educational excellence, and become what ever they desire no matter what the age. Through my compassion and desire for others ignited me to want to make a difference in other peoples lives. I have selected a vocation in instruction because I believe that it is one of the most essential task performed in our society. I believe that educators exclusively and altogether can change the world, as well as to enhance it.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Food Prices and Supply

Food Prices and Supply Kirk Condyles for The New York Times Updated: July 26, 2012 In the summer of 2012, scorching heat and the worst drought in nearly a half-century sent food prices up, spooking consumers and leading to worries about global food costs. On July 25, the United States government said it expected the record-breaking weather to drive up the price for groceries in 2013, including milk, beef, chicken and pork. The drought has affected 88 percent of the corn crop, a staple of processed foods and animal feed as well as the nation’s leading farm export.The government’s forecast, based on a consumer price index for food, estimated that prices would rise 4 to 5 percent for beef in 2013, with slightly lower increases for pork, eggs and dairy products. The drought comes along with heat. So far, 2012 is the hottest year ever recorded in the United States, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, whose records date to 1895. That has sapped t he production of corn, soybeans and other crops, afflicting poultry and livestock in turn.The impact of the hot and dry weather on the nation’s farmers has put new pressure on Congress to move ahead on a pending five-year farm bill. But House Republican leaders have been reluctant to act because of divisions within the party’s rank-and-file about the cost of the nearly $1 trillion bill. The legislation includes several federal agriculture programs that farmers have come to expect, though it does not include any specific drought assistance. Several important disaster relief programs expired at the end of 2011, leaving farmers and ranchers who have lost cattle or grazing land with few options without Congressional action.For now, analysts said they expected the broader economic impact of rising food prices to be modest. Americans spend just 13 percent of their household budgets on food. Economists fear a far greater impact outside of the United States because America is a major exporter of a broad variety of agricultural products. Experts Warn of a Global Spike in Food Prices In early September, agricultural experts  urged international action to prevent the global spike in food prices from causing global hunger.The directors of three major United Nations food and agriculture programs sounded the alarm both on the immediate problem of high food prices and the â€Å"long-term issue of how we produce, trade and consume food in an age of increasing population, demand and climate change. † Agricultural production fell in a number of major crop exporters during summer 2012. Besides damaging the corn crop in the United States, droughts also hit Russia and Ukraine, hurting the wheat harvest, as well as Brazil, affecting soybean production.Low yields have translated into high prices. In late August, the World Bank reported that food prices climbed 10 percent from June to July, with the price of both corn and wheat jumping 25 percent to records. So ybean prices climbed 17 percent over the same period, and rice prices declined moderately, the Washington-based institution said. The World Bank and the United Nations food agencies — along with other development and aid groups — have urged countries to prepare for what seems likely to become the third food price shock in five years.Low-income countries that rely on agricultural imports should invest in safety-net programs for the poor, they recommended. They also urged countries to bolster local production. Groups including the World Bank and the United Nations have also warned against trade protectionist policies in light of climbing food prices. International groups increasingly see inconsistent yields and drastic swings in food prices as a problem driven by climate change — and a global challenge that is not intermittent, but here to stay.Since the food crisis in 2007 and 2008, they have bolstered international cooperation to help foster more stable food sup plies and keep the most vulnerable countries prepared. Oxfam, the international nonprofit, issued a report in early September estimating how extreme weather events might affect food prices in the coming decades — forecasting that the prices of a number of food staples could surge far beyond the projected increases. The United Nations agencies warned that too few countries were producing too large a proportion of staple crops — leaving the world more vulnerable to droughts and floods.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

The Bell X-1 and Breaking the Sound Barrier

The Bell X-1 and Breaking the Sound Barrier Bell X-1E Specifications: General Length: 31 ft. Wingspan: 22 ft. 10 in. Height: 10 ft. 10 in. Wing Area: 115 sq. ft. Empty Weight: 6,850 lbs. Loaded Weight: 14,750 lbs. Crew: 1 Performance Power Plant: 1 Ãâ€" Reaction Motors RMI LR-8-RM-5 rocket, 6,000 lbf Range: 4 minutes, 45 seconds Max Speed: 1,450 mph Ceiling: 90,000 ft. Bell X-1 Design Development: Development of the Bell X-1 began in the waning days of World War II as the interest in transonic flight increased. Initially contacted by the US Army Air Force and the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA - now NASA) on March 16, 1945, Bell Aircraft began designing an experimental aircraft dubbed the XS-1 (Experimental, Supersonic). In seeking inspiration for their new aircraft, the engineers at Bell elected use a shape similar to a Browning .50-caliber bullet. This was done as it was known that this round was stable in supersonic flight. Pressing forward, they added short, highly-reinforced wings as well as a movable horizontal tailplane. This latter feature was included to give the pilot increased control at high speeds and later became a standard feature on American aircraft capable of transonic speeds. In the interest of retaining the sleek, bullet shape, Bells designers elected to use a sloped windscreen in lieu of a more traditional canopy. As a result, the pilot entered and exited the aircraft through a hatch in the side. To power the aircraft, Bell selected an XLR-11 rocket engine capable of around 4-5 minutes of powered flight. Bell X-1 Program: Never intended for production, Bell constructed three X-1s for the USAAF and NACA. The first began glide flights over Pinecastle Army Airfield on January 25, 1946. Flown by Bells chief test pilot, Jack Woolams, the aircraft made nine glide flights before being returned to Bell for modifications. Following Woolams death during practice for the National Air Races, the X-1 moved to Muroc Army Air Field (Edwards Air Force Base) to begin powered test flights. As the X-1 was not capable of taking off on its own, it was carried aloft by a modified B-29 Superfortress. With Bell test pilot Chalmers Slick Goodlin at the controls, the X-1 made 26 flights between September 1946 and June 1947. During these tests, Bell took a very conservative approach, only increasing speed by 0.02 Mach per flight. Dismayed by Bells slow progress towards breaking the sound barrier, the USAAF took over the program on June 24, 1947, after Goodlin demanded a $150,000 bonus for achieving Mach 1 and hazard pay for every second spent over 0.85 Mach. Removing Goodlin, the Army Air Force Flight Test Division assigned Captain Charles Chuck Yeager to the project. Familiarizing himself with the aircraft Yeager made several test flights in the X-1 and steadily pushed the aircraft towards the sound barrier. On October 14, 1947, less than a month after the US Air Force became a separate service, Yeager broke the sound barrier while flying X-1-1 (serial #46-062). Dubbing his plane Glamorous Glennis in honor of his wife, Yeager achieved a speed of Mach 1.06 (807.2 mph) at 43,000 feet. A publicity boon for the new service, Yeager, Larry Bell (Bell Aircraft), and John Stack (NACA) were awarded with the 1947 Collier Trophy by the National Aeronautics Association. Yeager continued with the program and made 28 more flights in Glamorous Glennis. The most notable of these was on March 26, 1948, when he reached a speed of Mach 1.45 (957 mph). With the success of the X-1 program, the USAF worked with Bell to build modified versions of the aircraft. The first of these, the X-1A, was intended to test aerodynamic phenomena at speeds above Mach 2. First flying in 1953, Yeager piloted one to a new record speed of Mach 2.44 (1,620 mph) on December 12 of that year. This flight broke the mark (Mach 2.005) set by Scott Crossfield in the Douglas Skyrocket on November 20. In 1954, the X-1B began flight testing. Similar to the X-1A, the B variant possessed a modified wing and was used for high speed testing until it was turned over to NACA. In this new role, it was used until 1958. Among the technology tested on the X-1B was a directional rocket system that was later incorporated into the X-15. Designs were created for the X-1C and X-1D, however the former was never built and the latter, meant for use in heat transfer research, only made one flight. The first radical change to the X-1 design came with the creation of the X-1E. Constructed from one of the original X-1s, the X-1E featured a knife-edge windscreen, new fuel system, a re-profiled wing, and enhanced data collection equipment. First flying in 1955, with USAF test pilot Joe Walker at the controls, the aircraft flew until 1958. During its final five flights it was piloted by NACA research pilot John B. McKay who was attempting to break Mach 3. The grounding of the X-1E in November 1958, brought the X-1 program to a close. In its thirteen-year history, the X-1 program developed the procedures that would be used in subsequent X-craft projects as well as the new US space program. Selected Sources NASA: Bell X-1 National Air Space Museum: Bell X-1